Young Brunette Girl With A Modern Hi-fi System

Ascertaining high fidelity: blind tests and double-blind tests
Blind tests refer to experiments where researchers have sighted knowledge on the tested (audio) components, but not individuals undergoing the experiments. In a double-blind experiment, neither the individuals nor the researchers know who belongs to the control group and the experimental group. Only after all the data has been recorded (and in some cases, analyzed) do the researchers learn which individuals are which. A commonly-used variant of this test is the ABX test. This involves comparing two known audio sources (A and B) with either one of these when it has been randomly selected (X). There is no way to prove that a certain lossy methodology is transparent. To scientifically prove that a lossy method is not transparent, double-blind tests may be useful.
Scientific double-blind tests are often used to disprove certain audio components (such as expensive, exotic cables) have any real bearings on audible sound quality. These tests are not accepted by some "audiophile" magazines in their evaluation of audio equipment, such as Stereophile and The Absolute Sound. John Atkinson, current editor of Stereophile, stated (in a 2005 July editorial named Blind Tests & Bus Stops) that he once purchased a solid-state amplifier, the Quad 405, in 1978 after blind tests, but came to realize months later that "the magic was gone" until he replaced it with a tube amp. Robert Harley of The Absolute Sound wrote, in a 2008 editorial (on Issue 183), that "blind listening tests fundamentally distort the listening process and are worthless in determining the audibility of a certain phenomenon."